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Aggressive behavior in children and youths is commonly associated with exposure to violence and maltreatment. Consequently, aggressive behavior has often been explained as a form of reactive behavior in response to violence-inflicted mental suffering. However, perpetrating violence can become appealing, fascinating and exciting, i.e., may acquire appetitive, self-rewarding aspects. We postulated that this appetitive form of aggression reduces the vulnerability for developing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in insecure and violent environments. Furthermore we investigated the extent to which reactive aggression and appetitive aggression account for recent violent behavior in children and youths. We conducted semi-structured interviews in a sample of 112 children and youths (Mage = 15.9 years) recruited from the streets, families and a residential center for vulnerable children in Burundi. We investigated the cumulative exposure to traumatic events and to domestic and community violence, assessed the recently committed offenses, the severity of PTSD symptoms, and the potential for reactive and appetitive aggression. Reactive aggression was positively related to PTSD, whilst appetitive aggression was negatively related to PTSD. Children higher in appetitive aggression were also more likely to display violent behavior. These results suggest that an appetitive perception of violence may be an useful adaption to insecure and violent living conditions reducing the vulnerability of children for trauma-related mental disorders. However, positive feelings experienced through violent or cruel behavior are also an important risk factor for ongoing aggressive behavior and therefore need to be considered in prevention strategies.
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Is Power-Sharing a Solution to Africa’s Conflicts? | SAPS
Power-sharing has been widely used in Africa over the past two decades as a formula for managing political conflicts and crises. Such inclusive government has been attempted in some form in countries like: Angola, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros Islands, Congo, Cote d’Ivore, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan and Zimbabwe. This article seeks to explain why a method of conflict resolution so appealing in theory has failed so often in practice by outlining the different challenges that power-sharing faces on the African continent. In order to effectively do so it is important to have a clear understanding of power-sharing and its different dimensions and the theories behind the practice.
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Université du Burundi : « 50 ans après, une moribonde » | IWACU
Dieudonné Bashirahishize, ancien président de l’Association des Etudiants de Rumuri (Asser), indique que cette institution, vieille de 50 ans, est un grand malade auquel on n’administre pas les médicaments appropriés.
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No One to Turn To: Life for Children in Eastern DRC | World Vision International
Ask children in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) what they are afraid of and they will tell you the real and devastating nightmares they face everyday. Hundreds of thousands of children are living under the threat of attack by a multitude of armed groups, but rarely are their experiences or views heard. Rarely are they asked how conflict affects them or what would make their lives better.
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Entre les journalistes qui tentent de profiter des pratiques de coupage et la pléthore de bloggeurs ne respectant pas les principes de la profession, difficile de distinguer le bon grain de l’ivraie en matière d’information.
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Goma - Info, rires et succès | Syfia
En vogue à Goma, les journaux satiriques captivent auditeurs et téléspectateurs. Un mélange de rire et d’information qui fait de l’ombre aux médias traditionnels.
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Nord-Kivu - Après la guerre, les défis du vivre-ensemble | Syfia
Plus d’un mois après la reddition du M23, vengeance et règlements de compte au sein de la population des territoires anciennement occupés restent courants. Et le retour de l’autorité au Nord-Kivu ne se fait que lentement.
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Hopes rise for transparency in the DRC | Africa Progress Panel
grim history of secret mining deals in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has prevented the country’s mineral wealth from benefiting its 67 million citizens. But political initiatives and international engagement give hope that the DRC is moving more quickly towards greater transparency.
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Book Review: The Democratic Republic of Congo: Between Hope and Despair | Africa at LSE
SE’s Jonathan Silver calls Michael Deibert’s book an “essential read” for those interested in wider postcolonial worlds.
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▶ 20 Years after the Genocide against the Tutsi of Rwanda UN | YouTube
With UN Deputy Secretary-General Jan Eliasson and Lt. Gen. The Hon. Roméo Dallaire
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▶ Walters on Kagame's statement "Whoever undermines Rwanda faces consequences" - YouTube
Rwanda president Paul Kagame said those who undermine his country "usually face serious consequences, wherever they are". Kagame told Rwanda's leaders not to be apologetic about "what befalls the country's enemies", in a speech he gave last Sunday. The president's comments come after the assassination of one of his fierce critic, former spy Chief Patrick Karegeya in South Africa last month. The assassination of Karageya has raised questions about the safety of political refugees in South Africa. To analyze the dynamics around this story we now joined in studio by Programme Manager for Conflict Prevention and Risk Analyses at the Institute for security studies, Stephanie Walters.
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International animal donation programs have become an increasingly popular way for people living in developed countries to transfer resources to families living in developing countries. We evaluate the impact of Heifer International’s dairy cow and meat goat donation programs in Rwanda. We find that the program substantially increases dairy and meat consumption among Rwandan households who were given a dairy cow or a meat goat, respectively. We also find marginally statistically significant reductions in weight-for-height z-scores and weight-for-age z-scores of about 0.4 standard deviations among children aged 0–5 years in households that were recipients of meat goats, and reductions in height-for-age z-scores of about 0.5 standard deviations among children in households that received dairy cows. Our results suggest that increasing livestock ownership in developing countries may significantly increase consumption of nutrient dense animal-source foods and improve nutrition outcomes.
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Rwanda's President Paul Kagame warns traitors | BBC News
Rwanda President Paul Kagame has warned that those who betray the country will face "consequences". He was speaking less than two weeks after the body of former intelligence chief Patrick Karegeya was found, apparently murdered, in South Africa.
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Today, Rwanda stands with other countries on our continent at the vanguard of Africa’s long overdue renaissance. We do this as we navigate efforts at external manipulation that have never been in short supply in the past 20 years, as well as the internal challenges that inevitably follow a genocide that almost annihilated our country.
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Rwanda: Presidential Warning Against Betrayal | NYTimes.com
Nearly two weeks after a Rwandan spymaster turned dissident was found dead in South Africa, President Paul Kagame said over the weekend that those who had betrayed Rwanda could expect to face the consequences.
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The Shroud Over Rwanda’s Nightmare | NYTimes.com
Twenty years ago this Saturday, the commander of United Nations peacekeeping forces in Rwanda wrote a coded cable to his superiors in New York that has come to be known as the “genocide fax.” Citing inside information from a “top-level trainer” for a pro-regime militia group, Brig. Gen. Roméo Dallaire warned of an “anti-Tutsi extermination” plot. New details about the mysterious informant known to General Dallaire as “Jean-Pierre” serve as a reminder that history can take a long time to reveal its secrets.
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Tracing the Rwanda ‘Genocide Fax’ | NYTimes.com
Regarding “The shroud over Rwanda’s nightmare” (Opinion, Jan. 10):
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Early warning and mass atrocities: lessons from the Rwanda genocide | United Nations Radio
As the world prepares to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the Rwandan genocide, countries are being urged to take action to prevent such crimes from occurring.The call comes from Dr. Simon Adams, Executive Director of the Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect. He says "concrete steps" include ratifying an international treaty on genocide prevention and supporting initiatives to restrain the use of the right to veto in the UN Security Council during situations involving mass atrocities.
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Rwanda : l'opposant Faustin Twagiramungu se rapproche des FDLR | Jeuneafrique.com
L'ancien Premier ministre rwandais désormais opposant en exil, Faustin Twagiramungu, a décidé depuis mardi de rallier les Forces démocratiques pour la libération du Rwanda (FDLR), groupe armé considéré comme génocidaire par Kigali.
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'Disbelief' at Patrick Karegeya death in South Africa | BBC News -
David Batenga, the nephew of Rwandan former intelligence chief Patrick Karegeya, has spoken about his shock upon finding his uncle dead in a hotel room.
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US slams efforts to silence dissent in Rwanda | Yahoo News
The United States on Friday denounced efforts to silence Rwandan dissidents after condemning the killing of Kigali's former spy chief.
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They were once prominent public figures holding high government offices. In 2013 or before, a number of them were dropped amid changes in the government and they disappeared from the limelight. Rwanda Today set out to trace some of them.
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In its 2008 World Development Report, the World Bank pleaded for a ‘Green Revolution’ for sub-Saharan Africa, pointing particularly to the importance of including smallholder farmers. This article focuses on the banana cropping system in Rwanda, and on the agricultural innovations introduced within this system. We first consider macro-level innovations that are designed to promote a modernized agricultural sector and that correspond to the rationale of the Green Revolution. We analyse how such ‘top-down’ innovations are received on the ground and show how smallholders seek to evade new government policies when they fail to reflect local economic and social realities. This demonstrates how some rural Rwandans are challenging the authority of the government in disguised ways in order to protect their local livelihoods. The Rwandan experience should inspire continent-wide Green Revolution policies to take account of the risk-coping rationale of small-scale farmers and their capacity to innovate ‘from below’.
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Dian Fossey's Murder Remains a Cold Case Despite New Book | Georgianne Nienaber
The anniversary of the murder of renowned primatologist Dian Fossey came and went on December 26 with only a few mentions on social media sites. Perhaps one of the most fascinating cold cases of modern times, Fossey's murder at her research cabin in the Virunga mountains of Rwanda in 1985 is entering the deep freeze as close friends pass away, memories fade, and interest wanes. As a minor biographer of Fossey -- I consider Farley Mowat's Virunga to be the definitive work -- it was with great interest that I read a review copy of Bernard De Wetter's memoir, Back in Rwanda.
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Social capital’s “vicious potential” revealed through Rwandan genocide | Africa at LSE
In this post, Syerramia Willoughby examines a recent research paper entitled Anti-Social Capital: A Profile of Rwandan Genocide Perpetrators’ Social Networks by LSE’s Dr Omar McDoom in which he explores the motivations of those Hutus who turned on their Tutsi neighbours during the Rwandan genocide in 1994.
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▶ Newsnight with Andrew Mwenda | YouTube
Renowned journalist and political commentator Andrew Mwenda discusses renegade General David Sejusa and his impending replacement as an MP.
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▶ Col. Karegeya Funeral: Relatives eulogize slain Rwandan officer in Kampala | YouTube
A funeral service for the former Rwandan Spy Chief Late Col Patrick Karegeya was held in Kampala on Tuesday.The 53-year-old was found dead in Johannesburg's Sandton Michelangelo Hotel on New Year's Eve in circumstances that preliminary investigations point to murder. He will be buried on Saturday in South Africa.
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Uptake of HIV testing by men remains low in high prevalence settings in many parts of Africa. By focusing on masculinity, this study explores the social context and relations that shape men’s access to HIV testing in Mam-Kiror, Busia district, rural eastern Uganda.
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Employing a before-and-after comparison, this article exploits a reform of the Ugandan quota law to test if a change in election procedures affects the types of women elected through quotas. In Uganda, a change from indirect to direct elections was anticipated to bring in women who were more representative of female citizens at large and less loyal to the sitting regime. Using original data from 1296 biographies of Ugandan legislators spanning four mandate periods (1996–2016), this study shows that women elected before and after the 2006 reform are similar in most regards. Yet, compared with the indirectly elected women, women elected by universal suffrage in 2006 have higher levels of education and are less likely to report an interest in women’s issues. Comparisons with non-quota representatives suggest, however, that these trends are not due to the change to direct elections, but rather the effect of something that influences all legislators in a similar manner.
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Uganda's Gay Porn Obsession: Why A Nation With Anti-Gay Laws Is Leading The Way | Huffpost
Uganda might have vehemently anti-gay legislation in place, but that hasn't stopped the nation from becoming one of the world's top consumers of gay pornography, according to reports.
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Report documents ethnic killings as Uganda joins South Sudan fight | DW.DE | 1
Ethnic killing of civilians by both government forces and rebels is "widespread" in South Sudan, according to a human rights group. The news comes after confirmation Uganda has troops fighting in the conflict.
