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Using a panel dataset from Burundi where information on protection payments during the 10 year civil war were collected, we test the relationship between payments, the nature of extraction by the rebels, and welfare outcomes.
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Burundi: Political crisis rages as Tutsi ministers quit | National - monitor.co.ug
Over the past few months Uprona has become increasingly critical of the ruling party over sensitive issues such as a possible third term for Nkurunziza, the revision of the constitution and the distribution of land. The central African nation of Burundi was plunged deeper into a political crisis Wednesday after the three government ministers from the main Tutsi party resigned.
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Helping Africa’s urban poor gain from modernization | IRIN Africa
Plans to reshape and modernize African cities, in part driven by investment, architecture and construction companies seeking new markets, could deepen existing social inequalities, according to recent research. But these development plans could also benefit the poor if governments are responsive to the needs of their citizens, argue analysts.
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Political crisis in Burundi as Tutsi ministers quit | ReliefWeb
The central African nation of Burundi was plunged deeper into a political crisis Wednesday after the three government ministers from the main Tutsi party resigned.
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Culture and Contracts: The Historical Legacy of Forced Labour | Blouin
I provide evidence that history and culture can weaken out-group relationships and simultaneously increase the reliance on in-group members for economic activity. This is tested using field data from Hutu and Tutsi farmers in Rwanda and Burundi, and shown to have economic costs of up to 15% of income. Colonial era Tutsi mistreatment of Hutu resulted in some Hutu harbouring resentment towards the Tutsi. This resentment influences contractual partner matching. Hutu with a family history of mistreatment are less likely to choose a Tutsi economic partner. This results in 28% more contractual default, as the replacement partners are less able to fulfill their end of the agreement. Results are robust to the effects of the genocide in Rwanda, historical and current state capacity and is not driven by current location or industry.
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Improved learning for greater effectiveness in development NGOs | Development in Practice
Learning is a critical component of organisational effectiveness, particularly in the complex world of development NGOs. Drawing from the literature on organisational learning, this article highlights the key dynamics of a strong learning organisation and proposes an integrated ‘leverage-learning’ model adapted to the NGO context. This model integrates learning domains that are critical for greater effectiveness, or leverage. The model is then applied to evaluate the effectiveness of the learning culture and commitment of a specific development NGO, World Vision Burundi. The model shows promise as an heuristic tool to evaluate NGOs and help them become more effective in aid delivery.
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Youth, Farming and Precarity in Rural Burundi | The European Journal of Development Research
In this article, we explore the precarity of rural youth livelihoods in the aftermath of war in eastern Burundi. Combining ideas from agrarian studies and youth studies, we argue that a generational approach helps to expose structural problems of reproduction in rural communities. In the aftermath of civil war, young men and women experience their livelihoods and preparations for independent householding as ‘lacking’. They are aware of the unsustainability of current practices of land inheritance and farming, and their concerns orient them to other livelihood possibilities. Their responses to difficulties in social reproduction vary. Formal (secondary) education and gender in particular affect strategies of circular migration and marriage, and expose young people to hardship and violence in different ways. However, in contrast to what is often assumed in studies of rural African youth, most young people do aspire to a farming future, at some time and under better conditions.
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The rare art of cheese-making in DR Congo | BBC News -
A hillside village in the Democratic Republic of Congo is an unlikely site for the production of fine cheese. But here, one man continues a legacy started by Belgian priests in 1975.
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Genocide hunters: Fight for Rwandan justice | BBC News
Alain and Dafroza Gauthier have spent the last 13 years hunting down people living in France suspected of participating in the Rwanda's 1994 genocide.
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Although the potentially negative impacts of credit constraints on economic development have long been discussed conceptually, empirical evidence for Africa remains limited. This study uses a direct elicitation approach for a national sample of Rwandan rural households to assess empirically the extent and nature of credit rationing in the semi-formal sector and its impact using an endogenous sample separation between credit-constrained and unconstrained households. Being credit constrained reduces the likelihood of participating in off-farm self-employment activities by about 6.3 percent while making participation in low-return farm wage labor more likely. Even within agriculture, elimination of all types of credit constraints in the semi-formal sector could increase output by some 17 percent. Two suggestions for policy emerge from the findings. First, the estimates suggest that access to information (education, listening to the radio, and membership in a farm cooperative) has a major impact on reducing the incidence of credit constraints in the semi-formal credit sector. Expanding access to information in rural areas thus seems to be one of the most promising strategies to improve credit access in the short term. Second, making it easy to identify land owners and transfer land could also significantly reduce transaction costs associated with credit access.
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Whether the negative relationship between farm size and productivity that is confirmed in a large global literature holds in Africa is of considerable policy relevance. This paper revisits this issue and examines potential causes of the inverse productivity relationship in Rwanda, where policy makers consider land fragmentation and small farm sizes to be key bottlenecks for the growth of the agricultural sector. Nationwide plot-level data from Rwanda point toward a constant returns to scale crop production function and a strong negative relationship between farm size and output per hectare as well as intensity of labor use that is robust across specifications. The inverse relationship continues to hold if profits with family labor valued at shadow wages are used, but disappears if family labor is rather valued at village-level market wage rates. These findings imply that, in Rwanda, labor market imperfections, rather than other unobserved factors, seem to be a key reason for the inverse farm-size productivity relationship.
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Au Rwanda Pascal Simbikangwa est condamné avant qu'il soit jugé | YouTube
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Interview: Don't blame France for the horrors of Rwanda | YouTube
Peter Erlinder, a professor at the William Mitchell College of Law in the US state of Minnesota and author of The Accidental Genocide, talks to Al Jazeera. E. Peter Erlinder, a professor at the William Mitchell College of Law in the US state of Minnesota and author of The Accidental Genocide, talks to Al Jazeera. E.
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Rwanda: Beacon of hope or dictatorship? | PressTV
Rwanda began commemorations marking 20 years since its genocide, with a flame of remembrance due to make a nationwide tour ahead of the anniversary of the horrific events of 1994. Government officials and survivors assembled at the main genocide memorial in Kigali where the flame was lit before embarking on a tour of towns and villages in the central African nation, ahead of a period of official mourning that begins on April 7.
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Experts link Rwanda's stable economic growth to declining fertility rate | The New Times Rwanda
Rwanda's gross domestic product (GDP) per capita could reach $2,817 (about Rwf2m) by 2050, according to the Rwanda Economic Update report by World Bank released last week. The projected rise in GDP per capita from the current $600 could be a result of the current drop in fertility rate that stands at 4.6 children per woman. This is a decline from 6.1 children per woman in 2004, according to the report.
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Uganda: Rights at Risk in New Mining Region | Human Rights Watch
Uganda’s nascent mining industry could do more harm than good for indigenous people unless the government makes reforms and mining companies start respecting rights, Human Rights Watch said in a report released today. Uganda’s government has promoted private investment in mining in the remote northeastern Karamoja region to bring economic development, but should implement reforms to respect the rights of indigenous people to determine how their lands are used.
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Preventing war by promoting 'peace journalism' in Uganda | Columbia Journalism Review
In neighboring Uganda, which has seen its own share of conflict and bloodshed, local journalists are looking to learn from the mistakes of the Rwandan genocide by spreading the word nationwide about “peace journalism” to radio stations—radio is the most widely consumed medium in East Africa. The country remains vulnerable, with conflicts raging at its doorstep in the Democratic Republic of Congo to the west and, to the north, in South Sudan.
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Locals want to join Rwanda to get social services | monitor.co.ug
Residents of Nshenyi and Kyarwehunde parishes in Ruhaama County, Ntungamo District have demanded to be part of Rwanda, claiming they cannot access social services in Uganda.
